2025 Supreme Court judgments

Browse the collected 2025 SCR catalog by case, judge, citation, and decision details.

This collection does not claim complete annual coverage. Source metadata: Supreme Court Reports (SCR). The authoritative source record prevails.

81 judgments

Page 1 of 5

2025 INSC 1338 [2025] 11 S.C.R. 1137

IN RE: ISSUE RELATING TO DEFINITION OF ARAVALI HILLS AND RANGES versus

Decision
Case
WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) No. 202/1995
Bench
3 judges

Issue for Consideration Definition of Aravali Hills and Ranges; need for its conservation in the States of Delhi, Haryana, Gujarat and Rajasthan. Headnotes† Environment – Aravali Hills and Ranges Need for its conservation in the States of Delhi, Haryana, Gujarat and Rajasthan – Illegal mining on account of different definitions of “Aravali Hills/Ranges”, as adopted by different States – Committee constituted for providing a uniform definition of the Aravali

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2025 INSC 1335 [2025] 11 S.C.R. 1112

JALGAON DISTRICT CENTRAL COOP. BANK LTD. versus STATE OF MAHARASHTRA AND ORS.

Decision
Case
CIVIL APPEAL No. 13884/2025
Bench
2 judges

1112 : 2025 INSC 1335 Jalgaon District Central Coop. Bank Ltd. v. State of Maharashtra and Ors. (Civil Appeal No. 13884 of 2025) 20 November 2025 [B.R. Gavai, CJI and K. Vinod Chandran,* J.] Issue for Consideration Priority of the provident fund dues which has a first charge created under the Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002; whether in the facts of the case, the sale proceeds have to be first applied in satisfaction of the dues under the EPF&MP Act and then in satisfaction of the secured debt of the appellant-bank. Headnotes† Securitisation and

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2025 INSC 1333 [2025] 11 S.C.R. 998

IN RE: ASSENT, WITHHOLDING OR RESERVATION OF BILLS BY THE GOVERNOR AND THE PRESIDENT OF INDIA versus

Decision
Case
SPECIAL REFERENCE CASE No. 1/2025
Bench
5 judges

Issue for Consideration Instant matter is the Presidential Reference in exercise of powers conferred u/Art.143(1) of the Constitution of India, wherein the Hon’ble President of India relating to interpretation of powers of the Governor u/Arts.200 and 201 along with certain ancillary questions: 1). What are the constitutional options before a Governor when a Bill is presented to him u/Art.200 of the Constitution of India; 2) Is the Governor bound by the aid and advice

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2025 INSC 1361 [2025] 11 S.C.R. 1815

INDIAN SOCIETY OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION versus UNION OF INDIA & ORS.

Decision
Case
WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) No. 39/2025
Bench
2 judges

1815 : 2025 INSC 1361 Indian Society of Organ Transplantation v. Union of India & Ors. (Writ Petition (Civil) No. 39 of 2025) 19 November 2025 [B.R. Gavai,* CJI and K. Vinod Chandran, J.] Issue for Consideration Issue arose as regards uniformity, equality and access in the realm of organ in the realm of organ donation for both the donors and the recipients sought: Held: Though the life of a recipient is required to be taken care of, equally the life of a live donor who parts with a valuable part of his body should not be neglected and should be adequately taken care of after the

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2025 INSC 1328 [2025] 11 S.C.R. 964

ALL INDIA JUDGES ASSOCIATION AND ORS. versus UNION OF INDIA AND ORS.

Decision
Case
WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) No. 1022/1989
Bench
5 judges

Issue for Consideration Issue pertains to the principles governing the determination of seniority within the cadre of Higher Judicial Services (HJS) of all the States. Headnotes† Judiciary – Cadre of Higher Judicial Services (HJS) – Determination of seniority within the cadre – Recruitment of officers through three sources: Regular Promotees (RP), those promoted through the Limited Departmental Competitive Examinations (LDCE), and Direct Recruits (DR) – Dispute

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2025 INSC 1330 [2025] 11 S.C.R. 1917

MADRAS BAR ASSOCIATION versus UNION OF INDIA AND ANOTHER

Decision
Case
WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) No. 1018/2021
Bench
2 judges

1917 : 2025 INSC 1330 Madras Bar Association v. Union of India and Another (Writ Petition (C) No. 1018 of 2021) 19 November 2025 [B.R. Gavai, CJI* and K. Vinod Chandran, J.] Issue for Consideration Whether Parliament possesses the authority to disregard a judicial pronouncement and to enact a without curing its defects. Headnotes† Constitution of India – Tribunal Reforms Act, 2021 – Validity of – Challenge to the Tribunal Reforms Act, 2021 on grounds of violation of constitutional principles of separation of powers and judicial independence –

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2025 INSC 1326 [2025] 11 S.C.R. 1261

CONFEDERATION OF REAL ESTATE DEVELOPERS OF INDIA (CREDAI) versus VANASHAKTI AND ANOTHER

Decision
Case
REVIEW PETITION (CIVIL) No. 3002/2025
Bench
3 judges

Issue for Consideration Whether the review petition seeking recall of the judgment and final order dated 16th May 2025 in Vanashakti v. Union of India 2025 SCC OnLine SC 1139 ought to be allowed and Headnotes† Review Petition – Vanashakti v. Union of India 2025 SCC OnLine SC 1139 vide order dated 16th May 2025 (JUR) held the 2017 Notification which permitted grant of ex-post facto Environmental Clearance (EC) and the 2021 OM as bad in law and set aside the same, restraining

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2025 INSC 1325 [2025] 11 S.C.R. 825

IN RE : CORBETT versus

Decision
Case
WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) No. 202/1995
Bench
3 judges

Issue for Consideration Matter pertains to the Report submitted by the Expert Committee with regards to both Corbett Tiger Reserve and the general recommendations to be implemented with regards to Tiger Safaris and Tiger Reserves pursuant to the directions issued in dated 06.03.2024. Headnotes† Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 – Chapters IV, IV-A and IV-B – ss.2(24-A), 18, 35, 36-A, 36-C, 38-V – Wildlife Protection – ‘Tiger Reserve’ – Management and protection of – Establishment of Tiger Safaris in

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2025 INSC 1343 [2025] 11 S.C.R. 1444

THE STATE OF KARNATAKA BY ITS CHIEF SECRETARY versus STATE OF TAMIL NADU BY ITS CHIEF SECRETARY & OTHERS

Decision
Case
MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATION No. 3127/2018
Bench
3 judges

Issue for Consideration Matter pertains to seeking stay on the operation of the Mekedatu Balancing Reservoir cum Drinking Water project. Headnotes† Water dispute – between the State of Tamil Nadu and the State of Karnataka – Mekedatu Balancing Reservoir cum Drinking Water project – Application by the State of Tamil Nadu seeking stay on the operation of the permission given by Central Water Commission (CWC) to Karnataka Cauvery Neeravari Nigam to

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2025 INSC 1311 [2025] 11 S.C.R. 742

IN RE: SARANDA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY versus

Decision
Case
WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) No. 202/1995
Bench
2 judges

742 : 2025 INSC 1311 In Re: Saranda Wildlife Sanctuary (I.A. No. 153500 of 2024 In Writ Petition (Civil) No. 202 of 1995) 13 November 2025 [B.R. Gavai,* CJI and K. Vinod Chandran, J.] Issue for Consideration Issue pertains to declaring the Saranda Game Sanctuary in the State of Jharkhand with as sanctuary – Saranda forest area in the State of Jharkhand – Application seeking directions to the State of Jharkhand to declare the Saranda Game Sanctuary with area of 314.68 sq. km. as notified by the 1968 Notification by the erstwhile State of Bihar as a deemed sanctuary under

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2025 INSC 1306 [2025] 11 S.C.R. 709

IN RE : DELHI RIDGE versus

Decision
Case
WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) No. 202/1995
Bench
2 judges

709 : 2025 INSC 1306 In Re : Delhi Ridge (I.A. No. 117204 of 2024 (CEC Report No. 5 of 2024) In Writ Petition (C) No. 202 of 1995) And Issue regarding order dated 16th April 2025 passed in Writ Petition (C) No. 4677 of 1985 T. N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India & Others 11 November Ridge against encroachments and environmental degradation. In view of that, the following three issues fell for consideration: (i) Issuance of final notification of the Delhi Ridge u/s.20 of the Forest Act; (ii) Removal of encroachments from the Delhi Ridge and the Morphological Ridge

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2025 INSC 1308 [2025] 12 S.C.R. 152

SURENDRA KOLI versus THE STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH & ANR.

Decision
Case
CURATIVE PETITION (CRL) No. 60/2025
Bench
3 judges

Issue for Consideration Whether the present case meets the exacting threshold for the exercise of the curative jurisdiction of this Court and; whether two sets of outcomes of this Court can stand on an identical evidentiary foundation; whether in the facts and circumstances of the case, the curative petition ought to be allowed and the petitioner be acquitted of the charges u/ss.302, 364, 376 and 201, IPC. Headnotes† Curative Petition – Nithari Case – Two sets of

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2025 INSC 1344 [2025] 11 S.C.R. 1424

IN RE: T.N. GODAVARMAN THIRUMULPAD versus UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS

Decision
Case
WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) No. 202/1995
Bench
3 judges

Issue for Consideration Issue arose whether it was appropriate on part of the then Director Corbett Tiger Reserve to approach the High Court order when the same had been granted in the proceedings pending before this Court. Headnotes† Constitution of India – Jurisdiction of High Court to entertain petitions in proceedings pending before this Court – Suo Moto action pertaining to the illegal construction and

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2025 INSC 1321 [2025] 11 S.C.R. 815

IN RE: N. PEDDI RAJU AND OTHERS versus

Decision
Case
SUO MOTO CONTEMPT PETITION (CIVIL) No. 3/2025
Bench
2 judges

815 : 2025 INSC 1321 In Re: N. Peddi Raju and Others (Suo Moto Contempt Petition (C) No. 3 of 2025) 10 November 2025 [B.R. Gavai,* CJI and K. Vinod Chandran, J.] Issue for Consideration Consideration of the apology tendered by the alleged contemnors, after they had tendered their unconditional against them) and it was accepted. Headnotes† Contempt of Court – Scandalous allegations made against High Court Judge, suo moto contempt proceedings initiated – Apology tendered to Supreme Court – Consideration of – Suo moto contempt proceedings were

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2025 INSC 1288 [2025] 11 S.C.R. 291

MIHIR RAJESH SHAH versus STATE OF MAHARASHTRA AND ANOTHER

Decision
Case
CRIMINAL APPEAL No. 2195/2025
Bench
2 judges

291 : 2025 INSC 1288 Mihir Rajesh Shah v. State of Maharashtra and Another (Criminal Appeal No. 2195 of 2025) 06 November 2025 [B.R. Gavai, CJI and Augustine George Masih,* J.] Issue for Consideration Whether in each and every case, even arising out of an offence under Penal Code, 1860 now of certain exigencies it will not be possible to furnish the grounds of arrest either before arrest or immediately after arrest, the arrest would be vitiated on the ground of non-compliance with the provisions of Section 50 of the CrPC 1973 (now Section 47 of BNSS 2023). Headnotes†

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2025 INSC 1275 [2025] 10 S.C.R. 1493

IN RE: SUMMONING ADVOCATES WHO GIVE LEGAL OPINION OR REPRESENT PARTIES DURING INVESTIGATION OF CASES AND RELATED ISSUES versus

Decision
Case
SUO MOTO WRIT PETITION (CRIMINAL) No. 2/2025
Bench
3 judges

Issue for Consideration When an individual has the association with a case only as a lawyer advising the party, could the Investigating Agency/Prosecuting Agency/Police directly summon the lawyer that the Investigating Agency/ Prosecuting Agency/ Police has a case that the role of the individual is not merely as a lawyer but something more, even then should they be directly permitted to summon or should judicial oversight be prescribed for those exceptional criterion of cases.

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2025 INSC 1274 [2025] 10 S.C.R. 1430

M.C. MEHTA versus UNION OF INDIA & ORS.

Decision
Case
WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) No. 4677/1985
Bench
2 judges

1430 : 2025 INSC 1274 M.C. Mehta v. Union of India & Ors. (I.A. No(s). 203615 & 218080 of 2024 and I.A. No. 210981 of 2025 In Writ Petition (C) No. 4677 of 1985) 31 October 2025 [B.R. Gavai, CJI and K. Vinod Chandran, J.] Issue for Consideration In the present I.A. concerned only with is concerned with sealing of plot No.106 and the building thereon situated in New Rajinder Nagar Market (LSC), New Delhi – He has sought de-sealing of his premises – Whether the subject premises was intended to be used commercially: Held: The case of the applicant to enable

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2025 INSC 1236 [2025] 10 S.C.R. 777

PRADYUMNA MUKUND KOKIL versus NASHIK MUNICIPAL CORPORATION AND OTHERS

Decision
Case
CIVIL APPEAL No. 12690/2025
Bench
2 judges

777 : 2025 INSC 1236 Pradyumna Mukund Kokil v. Nashik Municipal Corporation and Others (Civil Appeal No. 12690 of 2025) 15 October 2025 [B.R. Gavai, CJI and Augustine George Masih,* J.] Issue for Consideration Issues arose as regards the assessment of the value of the land in question which was and Town Planning Act, 1966 – Land Acquisition Act, 1894 – Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 – s.26 – In 1972, respondent-Corporation resolved to reserve the entire parcel of land in question –

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2025 INSC 1208 [2025] 10 S.C.R. 1309

REJANISH K.V. versus K. DEEPA AND OTHERS

Decision
Case
CIVIL APPEAL No. 3947/2020
Bench
5 judges

Issue for Consideration The present batch of matters arose for consideration in view of the interpretation given to Art.233 of the Constitution of India by this Court in the case of Dheeraj Mor v. High Court of Delhi [2020] 2 SCR 161. A three-Judge Bench this batch of matters, vide order dated 12th August 2025, had referred the following substantial questions of law for consideration of a Constitution Bench: (i) Whether a judicial officer who has already completed seven years in Bar being recruited for subordinate judicial services would be

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2025 INSC 1199 [2025] 10 S.C.R. 531

SWACCH ASSOCIATION, NAGPUR versus THE STATE OF MAHARASHTRA & ORS.

Decision
Case
CIVIL APPEAL No. 12521/2025
Bench
3 judges

Issue for Consideration Whether the Futala Tank classifies within the meaning and definition of r.2(1)(g) of the Wetlands (Conservation & Management) Rules, 2017; The kind and nature of the constructions in and around the Futala Tank. Headnotes† Wetlands (Conservation 2017 – r.2(1)(g) – ‘Wetland’ – Whether the Futala Tank classifies within the meaning and definition of r.2(1)(g): Held: Futala Lake is not classifiable within the statutory definition of ‘wetland’ in r.2(1)(g) – The lake is a man-made waterbody

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