2025 Supreme Court judgments

Browse the collected 2025 SCR catalog by case, judge, citation, and decision details.

This collection does not claim complete annual coverage. Source metadata: Supreme Court Reports (SCR). The authoritative source record prevails.

1,000 judgments

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2025 INSC 25 [2025] 1 S.C.R. 177

MOHAMMED ENTERPRISES (TANZANIA) LTD. versus FAROOQ ALI KHAN & ORS.

Decision
Case
CIVIL APPEAL No. 48/2025
Bench
2 judges

Issue for Consideration Whether the High Court was justified in interdicting CIRP proceedings under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code. Headnotes† Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 – s.60(5)(c) – The High Court exercised the power of judicial review and interdicted Process – Correctness: Held: The jurisdiction and power of the Adjudicating Authority under Section 60(5)(c) has already been reiterated by this Court in its various decisions – In the instant case, it is important to note that CIRP proceedings commenced on 26.10.2018, six years

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2025 INSC 26 [2025] 1 S.C.R. 151

SEROSOFT SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD. versus DEXTER CAPITAL ADVISORS PVT. LTD.

Decision
Case
CIVIL APPEAL No. 51/2025
Bench
2 judges

Issue for Consideration Whether the High Court has correctly exercised its supervisory jurisdiction under Article 227 in granting the respondent/claimant one more opportunity to cross-examine appellant/respondent’s witness, despite the Arbitral Tribunal rejecting such – Art.227 – Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 – ss.18, 29A – The respondent/claimant cross-examined RW-1 – The unrestrained cross-examination of RW-1 by the respondent/claimant already exceeded 12 hours, however, the respondent/claimant was unsatisfied and

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2025 INSC 33 [2025] 1 S.C.R. 515

GEETHA V.M. & ORS. versus RETHNASENAN K. & ORS.

Decision
Case
CIVIL APPEAL No. 3994/2024
Bench
2 judges

Issue for Consideration Whether the option exercised by Directorate of Health Services (DHS) employees to join Directorate of Medical Education (DME) pursuant to a policy decision of the State of Kerala ought to be considered as an option for absorption or a request for transfer under proviso to State and Subordinate Service Rules, 1958 and in that situation, the inter-se seniority of such employees in the DME shall be reckoned from which date. Headnotes† Kerala State and Subordinate Service Rules, 1958 – Proviso to r.27(a) – Kerala Service Rules, 1959 – r.36

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2025 INSC 24 [2025] 1 S.C.R. 81

KRISHNA DEVI @ SABITRI DEVI (RANI) M/S S.R. ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION versus UNION OF INDIA & ORS.

Decision
Case
CIVIL APPEAL No. 47/2025
Bench
2 judges

Issue for Consideration Whether the time for filing an application under Section 17, Arbitration Act, 1940 commences when the party seeking to challenge the award receives a formal notice of the making of the award, or from the date such party is aware of the award. Headnotes† Arbitration Act, 1940 – ss.17, 14(2) – Award to be signed and filed – Judgment in terms of award – Limitation Act, 1963 – Article 119(b) of the First Schedule – 30 days period for filing objections to the award – Start of

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2025 INSC 44 [2025] 1 S.C.R. 576

CHIEF REVENUE CONTROLLING OFFICER CUM INSPECTOR GENERAL OF REGISTRATION, & ORS. versus P. BABU

Decision
Case
CIVIL APPEAL No. 75/2025
Bench
2 judges

Issue for Consideration Matter referred by Joint Sub-Registrar to the Special Deputy Collector (Stamps) for determining the correct market value of the property. When both the authorities viz., the Registering Authority and the Collector are vested with the market value of the property, by the expression ‘reason to believe’, then whether it reflects the subjective satisfaction of the authorities concerned or it reflects the objective determination of the market value of the property; what is meant by ‘reason to

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2025 INSC 22 [2025] 1 S.C.R. 158

MAHANADI COAL FIELDS LTD. & ANR. versus MATHIAS ORAM & ORS.

Decision
Case
MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATION No. 2662/2023
Bench
2 judges

Issue for Consideration Issue arose as regards the extension of the term of the Claims Commission, and determining the Rehabilitation and Resettlement benefits of the villages acquired by Areas (Acquisition and Development) Act, 1957 – Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 – Compensation claim – Rehabilitation and Resettlement benefits – Determination, of land oustees of four acquired

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2025 INSC 27 [2025] 1 S.C.R. 266

OMI @ OMKAR RATHORE & ANR. versus THE STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH & ANR.

Decision
Case
SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (CRIMINAL) No. 17781/2024
Bench
2 judges

Issue for Consideration Issue arose as regards summoning a person as accused for facing the trial, when the said person was named in the FIR but not chargesheeted. Headnotes† Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 – s.319 – Power to proceed against other persons appearing to – On facts, closure report filed by the I.O. exonerating the petitioners from the alleged offence – In examination-in- chief, the first informant categorically deposed against the petitioners and also attributed a specific overt act – On basis thereof, an application filed

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2025 INSC 345 [2025] 1 S.C.R. 1683

1. THE COMMISSIONER, BANGALORE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 2. BANGALORE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY versus 1. SMT. RATHNAMMA 2. SRI G ARVIND 3. SMT. RADHAMMA

Decision
Case
CIVIL APPEAL No. 3764/2025
Bench
2 judges

Issue for Consideration Preliminary notification u/s.17(1) of the Bangalore Development Authority Act, 1976 was issued on 20.03.1999 proposing to acquire 4 acres and 15 guntas of land from The entire transaction with regard to acquisition and voluntary surrender of land under the Bangalore Development Authority (Incentive Scheme for Voluntary Surrender of Land) Rules, 1989 [the original Incentive Rules of 1989] as well as possession and also notification under

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2025 INSC 8 [2025] 1 S.C.R. 1

KIM WANSOO versus STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH & ORS.

Decision
Case
CRIMINAL APPEAL No. 15/2025
Bench
2 judges

Issue for Consideration Issue arose as regards invocation of extraordinary power u/Art. 226 of the Constitution to quash criminal proceedings. Headnotes† Constitution of India – Art.226 – Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 – s.482 – Quashing of criminal proceedings FIR registered u/ss.406, 420, 323, 504, 506 and 120-B IPC against the accused, including the appellant-foreign national and Project Manager for defaulting in payment to the company – Appellant sought quashing of FIR – However, the High Court refused to quash FIR – Correctness:

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2025 INSC 18 [2025] 1 S.C.R. 93

GOPAL KRISHAN & ORS. versus DAULAT RAM & ORS.

Decision
Case
CIVIL APPEAL No. 13192/2024
Bench
2 judges

Issue for Consideration Impugned in this appeal is the judgment and order of the High Court dated 26.03.2018 whereby it has been held that the Will, subject matter of controversy, allegedly of one Testator-SR, had not been proved, thereby finding that the Lower Appellate Court had erred in – s.63 – SR-Testator was the owner of 1/4th share of a land – The Testator had no children and resided with his nephew appellant-GK – He executed a Will on 07.11.2005 and passed away the next day on 08.11.2005 – Having received the said land/property by the virtue

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2025 INSC 1 [2025] 1 S.C.R. 40

M/S NARESH POTTERIES versus M/S AARTI INDUSTRIES AND ANOTHER

Decision
Case
CRIMINAL APPEAL No. 7/2025
Bench
2 judges

Issue for Consideration Issue arose as regards whether the complaint filed by the appellant u/s. 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 is in accordance with the requirement u/s.142 of the NI Act. Headnotes† Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 – ss.138, 142 – Code of Criminal Cognizance of offence – Complaint filed by the appellant-power of attorney holder and manager of the appellant-firm u/s.138 against respondent no.1 – Order passed to summon, the sole owner of respondent no.1 – Application u/s.482 Cr.P.C. by respondent no.1 seeking quashing

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2025 INSC 14 [2025] 1 S.C.R. 62

SRI MAHESH versus SANGRAM & ORS

Decision
Case
CIVIL APPEAL No. 36/2025
Bench
2 judges

Issue for Consideration Issue arose whether by virtue of operation of the provisions of ss. 14(1) and 12(c) of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956, the defendant no.1-adoptive mother would become absolute owner of the property prior to the adoption of appellant-adopted son; and as regards the effect of executed thereafter by adoptive mother. Headnotes† Hindu Succession Act, 1956 – ss.13, 14 – Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956 – ss.12, 16 – Transfer of Property Act, 1882 – s.122 – Effects of adoption – Principle of Relation Back –

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2025 INSC 11 [2025] 1 S.C.R. 130

THE STATE, CENTRAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION versus A. SATISH KUMAR & ORS.

Decision
Case
CRIMINAL APPEAL No. 898/2024
Bench
2 judges

Issue for Consideration Merely because a Central Government employee works within the territory of a particular State, whether the CBI requires consent from the concerned State Government to register an FIR against such Central Government employee in connection with commission of an Act; whether the High Court was justified in quashing the FIRs and the subsequent proceedings against the respondents holding that the same were vitiated in view of the lack of consent and the lack of notification for a Special Court under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.

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2025 INSC 2 [2025] 1 S.C.R. 239

MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF DELHI versus GAGAN NARANG & ORS. ETC.

Decision
Case
CIVIL APPEAL No. 7463/2023
Bench
2 judges

Issue for Consideration Whether the application under Section 63 of the Electricity Act, 2003 could have been made by the Appellant-MCD, a “local authority” within the meaning of Section 2(41) of the Act. Headnotes† Electricity Act, 2003 – ss.63, 86, 2(41), 174, 175 process – Functions of the State Commission – Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 – r.15 – Appellant, if could issue tariff based bid and Request for Proposal (RfP) for setting up the Waste to Energy Project – Petition filed by appellant before the Delhi

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2025 INSC 3 [2025] 1 S.C.R. 190

BERNARD FRANCIS JOSEPH VAZ AND OTHERS versus GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA AND OTHERS

Decision
Case
CIVIL APPEAL No. 17/2025
Bench
2 judges

Issue for Consideration The Lands of appellants herein were acquired and they were deprived of their property without paying any compensation for twenty-two years. For payment of compensation, the appellants pleaded to shift the date for considering the market value of land as on the and not as on the date of the Preliminary Notification. Whether this Court should direct shifting of the date for determination of the market value of the land in question of the appellants. Headnotes† Constitution of India – Art.300-A – Land Acquisition Act, 1894 –

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2025 INSC 4 [2025] 1 S.C.R. 12

B.N. JOHN versus STATE OF U.P. & ANR.

Decision
Case
CRIMINAL APPEAL No. 50/2025
Bench
2 judges

Issue for Consideration Appellant herein has sought quashing of criminal proceedings arising under sections 353 and 186 of IPC. Headnotes† Penal Code, 1860 – s.353 and s.186 – According to the appellant, he is the owner of a hostel used for underprivileged children – the raid on 03.06.2015 and sought to transfer the children accommodated in the said hostel to some other location – Appellant also contended that a false allegation was made against him that he, along with his party, had attacked and assaulted the officials while they were conducting the

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2025 INSC 21 [2025] 1 S.C.R. 117

DALJIT SINGH versus STATE OF HARYANA & ANR.

Decision
Case
CRIMINAL APPEAL No. 4359/2024
Bench
2 judges

Issue for Consideration Issue arose as regards the order passed by the High Court refusing to quash the complaint, summoning order and order declaring the appellant a proclaimed offender passed by the Magistrate; whether the proclaimed offender status, under the provisions of the Cr.P.C., of an stands acquitted during trial in connection to the very same offence; and whether the subsistence of the proclamation u/s.82 Cr.P.C. necessary for the authorities to proceed against accused against whom such proclamation issued, u/s.174A IPC. Headnotes† Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973

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2025 INSC 38 [2025] 1 S.C.R. 431

PRINCIPAL COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX-4 & ANR. versus M/S JUPITER CAPITAL PVT. LTD.

Decision
Case
SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (CIVIL) No. 63/2025
Bench
2 judges

Issue for Consideration Whether reduction in share capital is covered under “sale, exchange or relinquishment of the asset” used in Section 2(47) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. Headnotes† Income Tax Act, 1961 – s.2(47) – “sale, exchange or relinquishment of Reduction in share capital, if covered within the expression “sale, exchange or relinquishment of the asset”: Held: Yes – Reduction in share capital of the subsidiary company and subsequent proportionate reduction in the shareholding of the assessee, is squarely covered within

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2025 INSC 20 [2025] 1 S.C.R. 105

URMILA DIXIT versus SUNIL SHARAN DIXIT AND ORS.

Decision
Case
CIVIL APPEAL No. 10927/2024
Bench
2 judges

Issue for Consideration Whether the High Court was correct in setting aside the order of the Tribunal granting benefit of Section 23 of the Maintenance and Welfare of the Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007, to the Appellant-mother. Headnotes† Maintenance and Welfare of the Parents and s.23 – Transfer of property to be void in certain circumstances – Appellant-mother sought cancellation of the Gift Deed transferring her property to the respondent-son subject to the condition that he provides for her maintenance – Appellant alleged that the conditions in the

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2025 INSC 34 [2025] 1 S.C.R. 446

SANJAY DUTT & ORS. versus THE STATE OF HARYANA & ANR.

Decision
Case
CRIMINAL APPEAL No. 11/2025
Bench
2 judges

Issue for Consideration According to the Range Forest Officer, the appellants (director and office bearers of the company) had illegally uprooted trees with JCB, destroyed them, and violated the section 4 of the Punjab Land Preservation Act, 1900. The question that arises for consideration is be attached to any of the directors or any office bearers of the company. Headnotes† Punjab Land Preservation Act, 1900 – s.4 r/w. s.19 – A license/necessary permission for development of the land in the specified area was granted in favour of a company – Complaint

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